STS-1
The first orbital flight of the Space Shuttle system. In April 1981 Columbia, crewed by John Young and Robert Crippen, tested shuttle launch, orbital operations and runway landing for the first time.
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living encyclopedia entryThe first orbital flight of the Space Shuttle system. In April 1981 Columbia, crewed by John Young and Robert Crippen, tested shuttle launch, orbital operations and runway landing for the first time.
After Apollo, NASA sought a reusable system for carrying people and cargo to low Earth orbit. STS-1 was a deliberately conservative test: the complete orbiter, external tank and twin solid boosters flew with a crew for the first time.
A Gemini and Apollo veteran who commanded the shuttle’s first orbital test.
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Columbia lifted off from Launch Complex 39A as the first complete crewed Space Shuttle stack.
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The crew monitored temperatures, vibration and thermal protection during the shuttle’s first time in space.
číst kapitolu →After two days and six hours Columbia entered the atmosphere and headed for the runway at Edwards.
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MISSION IN NUMBERS
Across 37 orbits Columbia tested the thermal protection system, main engines, solid boosters and onboard systems. The launch showed that SRB acoustic loads could damage tiles, leading to changes in the pad water-suppression system.
The mission met its primary objective: the shuttle reached orbit and returned safely as an unpowered glider. STS-1 began three decades of operations, although it remained a development test.
- STS-1 was the first crewed flight of a new spacecraft type straight to orbit without a previous uncrewed orbital test.
- Columbia completed 37 orbits and travelled approximately 1.7 million kilometres.
- John Young later became the first person to fly in space six times; he had not yet reached that total on STS-1.
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ARTICLE ON THE TIMELINE
FULL TIMELINE →Young and Crippen flew Columbia on the first orbital flight of a reusable Space Shuttle.
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