Two and a half hours on the surface were packed with work: raising the flag, unveiling the commemorative plaque, a phone call with the President, setting up experiments, and collecting 21.55 kg of samples.
The astronauts deployed the EASEP experiment package: a passive seismometer to measure moonquakes and a laser retroreflector, which scientists still use today to measure the Earth-Moon distance. They unveiled a plaque reading "We came in peace for all mankind" and raised the American flag — its fabric held out by an aluminum rod, since no wind blows on the Moon.
Armstrong made a brief run to East crater, about 60 meters from the module — the farthest he ever ventured. Aldrin tested different modes of movement for future missions. Samples were collected using special tongs and scoops, since the spacesuit did not allow bending down.
From the flight transcript
"For every American, this has to be the proudest day of our lives."
NASA Apollo 11 Mission Report · Apollo Lunar Surface Journal · NASA Image and Video Library — full list on Apollo 11